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This Concept Map, created with IHMC CmapTools, has information related to: Answers_Antibiotic_Resistance, not producing an antisense RNA that is complementary to a mRNA leads to mRNA continues to be translated into enzyme, Gene products enable the bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic or chemical agent. mechanism modulating gene expression to produce more of the bacterial enzyme that is being tied up or altered by the antibiotic, altering the membranes and transport systems to prevent the entry of the antibiotic into the bacterium and/or using an efflux pump to transport the antibiotic out of the bacterium examples altering porins in the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls, beta-lactam antibiotics no longer bind to transpeptidase examples of beta- lactam antibiotics penicillins, monobactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, producing beta-lactamases action breaks down beta-lactam antibiotics, altering the membranes and transport systems to prevent the entry of the antibiotic into the bacterium and/or using an efflux pump to transport the antibiotic out of the bacterium examples producing an efflux pump that actively transport the antibiotic back out of the bacterium, modulating gene expression to produce more of the bacterial enzyme that is being tied up or altered by the antibiotic examples not producing an antisense RNA that is complementary to a mRNA, mutation alters genes Gene products enable the bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic or chemical agent., increased synthesis of the limited enzyme result insufficient antibiotic to tie up all the enzyme, enhancing the function of RNA polymerase leads to increased synthesis of the limited enzyme, altering the transport proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane action blocks active transport, Gene products enable the bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic or chemical agent. mechanism altering the membranes and transport systems to prevent the entry of the antibiotic into the bacterium and/or using an efflux pump to transport the antibiotic out of the bacterium, mRNA continues to be translated into enzyme leads to increased synthesis of the limited enzyme, producing an altered 50S subunit to which macrolides no longer bind examples of macrolides erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, troleandomycin, Gene products enable the bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic or chemical agent. mechanism induces antibiotic tolerance, altering the target site receptor for the antibiotic to reduce or block its binding examples producing an altered 30S or 50S ribosomal subunit to which antibiotic no longer binds, Gene products enable the bacterium to become resistant to an antibiotic or chemical agent. mechanism producing new enzymes that destroy, alter, or inactivate the antibiotic, altering porins in the outer membrane of gram-negative cell walls result antibiotic does not enter the bacterium, producing an efflux pump that actively transport the antibiotic back out of the bacterium result insufficient antibiotic within the bacterium, modulating gene expression to produce more of the bacterial enzyme that is being tied up or altered by the antibiotic examples enhancing the function of RNA polymerase
